I. Male Reproductive System
A. Testes - are male gonads
1. Contain seminiferous tubules that produce sperm
-extremely sensitive to heat energy2. Secrete testosterone(hormone) that are responsible for male secondary sex characteristics
3. Epididymus - stores sperm
4. Vas Deferens - a tube from each testis in which sperm leave the epididymus into the lower abdomen & into the urethra
B. Scrotum - sac in which Testes are located
1. located outside the body in order to keep temperature lower than body heat temperature for production of sperm
C. Urethra - 2 vas deferens join at the urethra & then into the penis
D. Seminal vesicles - solution of sugar(fructose)
E. Prostate gland - secrete alkaline solution
F. Cowper's gland - lubricating fluid
II. Female Reproductive System
A. Ovaries - female gonads
1. Each contains about 200,000 follicles (tiny egg sacs) which contain an immature egg
2. Secrete estrogen (hormones) responsible for secondary sex characteristicsB. Fallopian tubes or Oviduct - leads from each ovary (neither in contact)
1. site for fertilization
2. eggs are not motile; they get pushed along the fallopian tube by ciliaC. Uterus or Womb - site where the egg implants it's self if fertilized
D. Vagina - birth canal, leads to the outside of the body
E. Cervix - dilates to 10 cm during labor
III. Menstrual Cycle - mature egg develops & is released approximately 28 days
A. Stages:
1. Follicle Stage - FHS(follicle stimulating hormone) secreted by the pituitary causes several follicles to develop in the ovaries. As a follicle develops, it releases estrogen which stimulates the uterine lining to thichen with blood (10-14 days).
2. Ovulation - FHS decreases, LH (lutenizing hormone) from the pitutary gland increases which causes a mature egg to release from the follicle & from the ovary. Occurs in the middle of the cycle (14 day).
3. Corpus Luteum Stage (yellow body stage) - After ovulation the follicle fills with cells forming the corpus luteum. Corpus luteum secretes progesterone which maintains the continued growth of the uterin lining.
4. Menstration - if fertilization does not occur, secretion of the LH decreases & the corpus luteum breaks down. Progesterone levels decrease & the lining of the uterus breaks down & is given off. Lasts 3-5 days.
VI. Implantation, Developement
A. After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage & becomes an embryo. The embryo arrive in the uterus about 5-10 days after fertilization. The embryo implants (blastula stage) in the uterus. [now woman is pregnant]
B. Placenta - a temporary organ develops in the uterus to nourish the embryo.
C. Umbilical Cord - attaches embryo to the placenta
D. Amnion - embryo develops inside the amnion & amnionic fluid.
E. Gestation Period - length of pregnancy.
F. Birth
1. Multiple Births
a. Identical - formed when 1 egg is fertilized and splits during the first division.
b. Fraternal - formed when 2 eggs are fertilized at the same time.
G. Menopause - The perminant cessation of the menstrual cycle which occurs approximately between 45-50 years of age.
Play Jeopady (Power Point) on Animal Development
Biology Trivia
1. What determines the sex of the Philippine crocodile? answer
return to Mr. Buono's syllabus